Anniversary of the Fall of Fascism and Freedom Day in San Marino 2023: Date, History, Facts about Fascism

San Marino celebrates the Anniversary of the Fall of Fascism and Freedom Day annually on 28 July. San Marino is a small republic located on the slopes of Mount Titano, on the Adriatic side of central Italy between the Marche and Emilia-Romagna regions, and entirely encompassed by the Italian Republic.

This event is a public holiday there. This day in 1943 commemorates the end of the fascist party’s reign in San Marino. During World War II, the administration of San Marino became fascist.

The background of Anniversary of the Fall of Fascism and Freedom Day

This smallest republic entered a period of economic hardship following the conclusion of the first conflict. In 1923, the Sammarinese Fascist Party (P.F.S.) came to power due to the high unemployment rate and inflation. The success of Benito Mussolini’s fascist administration in Italy enhanced their control over the government.

During the period in which Mussolini ruled Italy, San Marino adopted a fascist form of government. Despite maintaining its neutrality throughout World War II, San Marino was attacked by Allied aircraft on June 26, 1944. This resulted in extensive property damage, particularly to the railway, and numerous fatalities. San Marino’s resources were severely taxed in order to provide food and shelter for the over 100,000 refugees who sought refuge there during the conflict.

In addition, neutrality did not safeguard the fortunes of the P.F.S., and on July 25, 1943, after leading Italy to several significant military defeats, Benito Mussolini was removed from his position as Italy’s prime minister and arrested. The fate of Mussolini emboldened the people of San Marino to overthrow their fascist government three days later, on July 28, as a result of the collapse of the P.F.S. The neutrality of post-fascist San Marino was soon reaffirmed by the new government. This neutrality declaration did not prevent the Allies from bombing San Marino or the Germans from momentarily occupying the country before the end of the war.

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5 INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT FASCISM

Benito Mussolini coined the word “fascism” to characterise his political movement in 1919.

This movement is difficult to define for academics, and the term ‘fascist’ has been used so frequently as a pejorative that its meaning has been diluted.

When describing fascism, emotions rather than philosophical concepts are utilised.

This concept is also referred to as “national self-sufficiency.” As an economic system, fascism is socialism with a veneer of capitalism.

Fascism is both a political movement and a political practise, according to academics.