The Scottish wildcat is the only surviving relative of the cat family in the United Kingdom. It is believed to be a descendant of the European wildcat, which colonised Britain between 7,000 and 9,000 years ago, after the last Ice Age.
Scottish Wildcat Day is observed annually on August 8 in the United Kingdom. The purpose of this day is to draw attention to this species’ critical plight in the United Kingdom. There are an estimated 1,000 to 4,000 Scottish Wildcats, of which 400 satisfy the morphological and genetic requirements for a wildcat. These cats once inhabited the entirety of Britain, but are now restricted to northern and eastern Scotland. Habitat loss, hunting, and hybridization with domestic cats are the primary concerns. It is a chance to bring attention to this endangered species.
The Scottish wildcat is the only surviving relative of the cat family in the United Kingdom. It is believed to be a descendant of the European wildcat, which colonised Britain between 7,000 and 9,000 years ago, after the last Ice Age. In Berkshire, the earliest feline fossils were discovered. After the Ice Age, the wildcat was discovered on the British mainland and some Inner Hebridean islands, including Skye and Bute. However, owing to deforestation in Britain, the wildcat disappeared from a large portion of its range.
By the year 1800, the wildcat was already confined to northern England, Wales (where it was uncommon), and Scotland. Fifty years later, it was nearly extinct in west-central Wales and only a few miles south of the English border in Northumberland. In 1880, only in Scotland did wildcats survive. By 1915, its range had shrunk further and was confined to the northwest of the Scottish Highlands.
The decline of the Scottish wildcat was initially caused by habitat loss, particularly the loss of forests due to deforestation, as well as hunting and persecution for its pelt. The development of sporting estates in Scotland accelerated the decline of wildcats beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, as wildcats were slain as part of game bird predator control on many estates. The Scottish cougar is now restricted to northern Scotland.
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These open habitat regions may be pastures or riparian areas used for hunting.
Typically, wildcats are larger, with a shorter intestinal length, longer limb bones, and a thicker cranium.
They possess ideal binocular vision and depth perception for hunting, as well as retractable claws, sharp fangs, and powerful jaw muscles to kill their prey.
With a gestation period between 63 and 68 days, males attain sexual maturity at 10 months and females at 12 months.
The average number of offspring in a litter of wildcats is between three and four, with a maximum of eight.
| Year | Date | Day |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | August 8 | Tuesday |
| 2024 | August 8 | Thursday |
| 2025 | August 8 | Friday |
| 2026 | August 8 | Saturday |
| 2027 | August 8 | Sunday |
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